08/05/2010

Black jacks and leather bottells by Baker (1921)


Baker, Oliver; Black jacks and leather bottells: being some account of leather drinking vessels in England, London (1921)
URL

(To have a clear picture of what a leather bottel is, have a look at the leather jug webpage from the Museum of London here.)

24/04/2010

"Le redoul, herbe des tanneurs et des teinturiers" par Cardon et Pinto (2007)

Dominique Cardon et Anthony Pinto, "Le redoul, herbe des tanneurs et des teinturiers. Collecte, commercialisation et utilisations d’une plante sauvage dans l’espace méridional (xiiie-xve siècles)", Médiévales (en ligne) 53 (2007) (mis en ligne le 17 décembre 2009)
URL (OpenEdition)

Resumé:
Le redoul ou corroyère, Coriaria myrtifolia L., arbuste indigène des forêts du nord-ouest méditerranéen, très riche en tannins mais toxique, est pris comme exemple de gestion des ressources de l’environnement naturel au Moyen Âge. Ses particularités botaniques et chimiques, indiquées en première partie, expliquent ses applications, durant des siècles, en tannage et en teinture. Les zones et méthodes de récolte mentionnées dans les documents médiévaux – principalement catalans – sont mentionnées, ainsi que les circuits commerciaux à l’échelle régionale et internationale qui organisaient l’exploitation de cette matière première végétale. Enfin, les données techniques sur son emploi en tannage et teinture sont discutées.

Abstract:
Coriaria myrtifolia L. is a wild bush indigenous in the forests and scrublands of north-western Mediterranean countries that is very rich in tannins but toxic. It is here taken as an example of management of natural resources in the Middle Ages. Its botanical and chemical characteristics are described ; they explain its applications for tanning and dying during centuries in that part of the world. The mediaeval documents – mainly from Catalunya – mentioning the places where it was collected and the methods used are discussed, and so are the texts describing the trade at regional and even international scale that was gradually organised to fully exploit this vegetable resource. In a last part, we explain the technicalities of its use in tanning and dyeing processes as they can be inferred from the medieval and later documentation.

12/04/2010

"Dating Danish textiles and skins from bog finds by means of 14C AMS" by Mannering et al (2010)

Mannering, U.; Possnert, G.; Heinemeier, J.; Gleba, M.; "Dating Danish textiles and skins from bog finds by means of 14C AMS", Journal of Archaeological Science 37(2) (2010) 261-268
DOI:10.1016/j.jas.2009.09.037 (restricted access)

Abstract:
This study presents the results of 44 new 14C analyses of Danish Early Iron Age textiles and skins. Of 52 Danish bog finds containing skin and textile items, 30 are associated with bog bodies. Until now, only 18 of these have been dated. In this paper we add dates to the remaining finds. The results demonstrate that the Danish custom of depositing clothed bodies in a bog is centred to the centuries immediately before and at the beginning of the Common Era. Most of these bodies are carefully placed in the bog – wrapped or dressed in various textile and/or skin garments. The care with which these people were placed in the bog indicates that they represent a hitherto unrecognised burial custom supplementing the more common burial practice for this period.

27/03/2010

"The suitability of the DMA method for the characterization of recent and historical parchments and leathers" by Cucos and Budrugeac (2010)

Cucos, A.; Budrugeac, P.; "The suitability of the DMA method for the characterization of recent and historical parchments and leathers", The International Journal of Conservation Science 1(1) (2010) 13-18

Abstract:  
The dynamical mechanical analysis (DMA) technique was used for the characterization of some recently manufactured and historical parchments and leathers. The obtained results were correlated with the DSC measurements performed for these biomaterials. We point out the suitability of the DMA method for distinguishing qualitatively between a recently manufactured leather and a patrimonial one, as well as for assessing the deterioration of the parchments and leathers as a result of natural ageing.

18/03/2010

Saddlery by Hasluck (1904)

Hasluck, Paul N.; Saddlery, D. McKay, Philadelphia (1904)

Table of contents:
I. Gentleman's Riding Saddle
II. Panel for Gentleman's Saddle
III. Ladies' Side Saddles
IV. Children's Saddles or Pilches
V. Saddle Cruppers, Breastplates, and other Accessories
VI. Riding Bridles
VII. Breaking-down Tackle
VIII. Head Collars
IX. Horse Clothing
X. Knee-caps and Miscellaneous Articles
XI. Repairing Harness and Saddlery

08/03/2010

Saddle, 15th century, The Met Museum of Art


"Saddle [Tibetan] (2002.225)". In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–. http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/tbar/ho_2002.225.htm (August 2007)

05/02/2010

CCI Notes on leather, skin and fur

Canadian Conservation Institute (CCI) Notes are freely available both in HTML and PDF formats.
CCI Notes related to leather, skin and fur are as follows:
- N8/1 Removing Mould from Leather (1993)  HTML / PDF
- N8/2 Care of Alum, Vegetable, and Mineral Tanned Leather (1992) HTML / PDF
- N8/3 Care of Mounted Specimens and Pelts (1988) HTML / PDF
- N8/4 Care of Rawhide and Semi-Tanned Leather (1992) HTML / PDF

These CCI Notes are also available in French here.

30/01/2010

"Intervención en un Guadamecí en el IAPH" por García-Otero y Romero (2004)



Silvia Patricia Martínez García-Otero, Gabriel Ferreras Romero; "Intervención en un Guadamecí en el Instituto Andaluz del Patrimonio Histórico", Mus-A: Revista de los museos de Andalucía 4 (2004) 154-160

24/01/2010

Le cuir par Lamay (1896)

M. Lamay; Le cuir, Collection: Bibliothèque scientifique des écoles et des familles, n.º58, H. Gautier, Paris (1896)
URL (Gallica)

17/01/2010

Fish skin grain layer: shagreen (Hypolophus sephen)



Definition of shagreen in Matt T. Roberts and Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the conservation of books: A dictionary of descriptive terminology, 1982
URL

12/01/2010

Toilet set in leather case, Germany (ca.1743-1745), The MET Museum of Art



"Toilet set in original leather case [Germany (Augsburg)] (2005.364.1-.48)". In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–. http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ho/09/euwc/ho_2005.364.1-.48.htm (October 2008)

20/12/2009

“Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectroscopy (ATR/FTIR) and Scanning Probe Microscopy of Parchment” by Odlhya et al (2009)

Odlhya, M.; Theodorakopoulos, C.; Groot, J.; Bozec, L.; Horton, M.; “Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectroscopy (ATR/FTIR) and Scanning Probe Microscopy of Parchment”, e-Preservation Science 6 (2009) 138-144
PDF

Abstract:
This paper describes the application of Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) together with Scanning Probe Microscopy (atomic force microscopy and micro-thermal analysis) on accelerated aged and archival parchment samples. Damage assessment by ATR-FTIR of collagen, the main constituent of parchment, was based on spectral changes in collagen, in particular within the amide I carbonyl stretching region.
This is known to be sensitive to changes in the triple helical structure of collagen. Damage assessment by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) was based on changes in the periodic D spacing of the collagen fibrils. Measurements made on the same samples showed that in damaged samples there was partial and eventually complete loss in the D spacing of the collagen fibrils. This was particularly evident in accelerated aged samples subjected to pollutant gas (SO2). Micro-thermal analysis (micro-TA) of the same regions of parchment showed differences in the thermal behaviour on the micron-scale. The observed transitions occurred over a broader temperature range with increase in damage. In addition the same parchment samples were subjected to controlled environment testing using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). This revealed that damage in parchment had an effect on its dimensional response to increase in RH; the more damaged samples showed a lower response to changes in RH than the less damaged. So damage at the nano-scale, as indicated by AFM, can be related to changes observed at the macro-scale, as indicated by mechanical testing, and this influences the response of parchment to RH.

15/12/2009

"Egg" armchair by Arne Jacobsen (1957),The MET Museum of Art



"Arne Jacobsen: 'Egg' armchair (61.7.46)". In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–. http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ho/11/eue/ho_61.7.46.htm (October 2006)

10/12/2009

"Studies of ancient Egytian footwear ..." by Veldmeijer (2009)

Veldmeijer, A. J.; "Studies of ancient Egytian footwear. Technological aspects. Part XV. Leather curled-toe ankle shoes", PalArch's Journal of Archaeology of Egypt/Egyptology 6 (4) (2009) 1-21
PDF

Abstract:
In ancient Egypt sandals were a common commodity despite the fact that people must have been used to walking on bare feet. Shoes were less common though several types are known from the archaeological record. Despite the many examples of footwear, however, detailed studies are lacking. The present paper presents the closed shoes ‘curled-toe ankle shoes’, that are made of leather. The focus, as is usual in this series, lies on manufacturing technology; other topics are discussed in passing. A preliminary typology is proposed.

30/11/2009

"The Gamo hideworkers of southwestern Ethiopia and Cross-Cultural Comparisons" by Weedman Arthur (2008)

Weedman Arthur, K. J.; "The Gamo hideworkers of southwestern Ethiopia and Cross-Cultural Comparisons", Anthropozoologica 43 (1) (2008) 67-98
PDF

Abstract:
Hideworking was practiced prehistorically and historically in nearly every region of the world. Today hideworking is practiced using stone tools only in parts of North America, Siberia, and Ethiopia. This article reviews and explains the diversity in hideworking practices among the Gamo of southern Ethiopia, in particular focusing on the variation of the stone scrapers, handles, and use of space. The Gamo hideworking practices and materials are then compared to customs in other parts of the world. It is concluded that intra-cultural and cross-cultural material and practical homogeneity and diversity can only be explained through an understanding of localized histories in the their global contexts.

15/11/2009

"Analysis of collagen structure in parchment by small angle X-ray diffraction" by Kennedy et al (2003)

Kennedy, C. J., Nielsen, K.; Ramsay, L.; Wess, T. J., "Analysis of collagen structure in parchment by small angle X-ray diffraction", Fibre Diffraction Review 11 (2003) 117-118
PDF

05/11/2009

"Apuntes sobre la elaboración del cuero y su historia" por Pantojo (2004)

Pantojo, A. F. V.; "Apuntes sobre la elaboración del cuero y su historia: noticias sobre una fábrica de curtir pieles en Algeciras", Eúphoros 7 (2004) 21-24
PDF

Resumen:

El trabajo del cuero pertenece al sector industrial o secundario, y su origen es tan antiguo como la existencia del hombre. En el presente artículo haremos un ligero recorrido por la historia de este material, su tratamiento y el desarrollo de su industria, y esto servirá de introducción para pasar después a la historia de una fábrica de curtir pieles en Algeciras, y que perteneció en los últimos años de su existencia a la familia Salas Fernández, de cuyo archivo familiar hemos transcrito un documento sobre la herencia y propiedad de este negocio. Los datos obtenidos nos servirán para ampliar un poco más las escasas noticias sobre este tipo de industrias en Algeciras.