27/03/2010
"The suitability of the DMA method for the characterization of recent and historical parchments and leathers" by Cucos and Budrugeac (2010)
Cucos, A.; Budrugeac, P.; "The suitability of the DMA method for the characterization of recent and historical parchments and leathers", The International Journal of Conservation Science 1(1) (2010) 13-18
Abstract:
The dynamical mechanical analysis (DMA) technique was used for the characterization of some recently manufactured and historical parchments and leathers. The obtained results were correlated with the DSC measurements performed for these biomaterials. We point out the suitability of the DMA method for distinguishing qualitatively between a recently manufactured leather and a patrimonial one, as well as for assessing the deterioration of the parchments and leathers as a result of natural ageing.
18/03/2010
Saddlery by Hasluck (1904)
Hasluck, Paul N.; Saddlery, D. McKay, Philadelphia
Table of contents:
I. Gentleman's Riding Saddle
II. Panel for Gentleman's Saddle
III. Ladies' Side Saddles
IV. Children's Saddles or Pilches
IV. Children's Saddles or Pilches
V. Saddle Cruppers, Breastplates, and other Accessories
VI. Riding Bridles
VII. Breaking-down Tackle
VIII. Head Collars
IX. Horse Clothing
X. Knee-caps and Miscellaneous Articles
XI. Repairing Harness and Saddlery08/03/2010
Saddle, 15th century, The Met Museum of Art
"Saddle [Tibetan] (2002.225)". In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–. http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/tbar/ho_2002.225.htm (August 2007)
05/02/2010
CCI Notes on leather, skin and fur
Canadian Conservation Institute (CCI) Notes are freely available both in HTML and PDF formats.
CCI Notes related to leather, skin and fur are as follows:
CCI Notes related to leather, skin and fur are as follows:
30/01/2010
"Intervención en un Guadamecí en el IAPH" por García-Otero y Romero (2004)
Silvia Patricia Martínez García-Otero, Gabriel Ferreras Romero; "Intervención en un Guadamecí en el Instituto Andaluz del Patrimonio Histórico", Mus-A: Revista de los museos de Andalucía 4 (2004) 154-160
24/01/2010
Le cuir par Lamay (1896)
M. Lamay; Le cuir, Collection: Bibliothèque scientifique des écoles et des familles, n.º58, H. Gautier, Paris (1896)
URL (Gallica)
URL (Gallica)
17/01/2010
Fish skin grain layer: shagreen (Hypolophus sephen)
Definition of shagreen in Matt T. Roberts and Don Etherington, Bookbinding and the conservation of books: A dictionary of descriptive terminology, 1982
URL
URL
12/01/2010
Toilet set in leather case, Germany (ca.1743-1745), The MET Museum of Art
"Toilet set in original leather case [Germany (Augsburg)] (2005.364.1-.48)". In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–. http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ho/09/euwc/ho_2005.364.1-.48.htm (October 2008)
20/12/2009
“Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectroscopy (ATR/FTIR) and Scanning Probe Microscopy of Parchment” by Odlhya et al (2009)
Odlhya, M.; Theodorakopoulos, C.; Groot, J.; Bozec, L.; Horton, M.; “Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectroscopy (ATR/FTIR) and Scanning Probe Microscopy of Parchment”, e-Preservation Science 6 (2009) 138-144
PDF
Abstract:
This paper describes the application of Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) together with Scanning Probe Microscopy (atomic force microscopy and micro-thermal analysis) on accelerated aged and archival parchment samples. Damage assessment by ATR-FTIR of collagen, the main constituent of parchment, was based on spectral changes in collagen, in particular within the amide I carbonyl stretching region.
This is known to be sensitive to changes in the triple helical structure of collagen. Damage assessment by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) was based on changes in the periodic D spacing of the collagen fibrils. Measurements made on the same samples showed that in damaged samples there was partial and eventually complete loss in the D spacing of the collagen fibrils. This was particularly evident in accelerated aged samples subjected to pollutant gas (SO2). Micro-thermal analysis (micro-TA) of the same regions of parchment showed differences in the thermal behaviour on the micron-scale. The observed transitions occurred over a broader temperature range with increase in damage. In addition the same parchment samples were subjected to controlled environment testing using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). This revealed that damage in parchment had an effect on its dimensional response to increase in RH; the more damaged samples showed a lower response to changes in RH than the less damaged. So damage at the nano-scale, as indicated by AFM, can be related to changes observed at the macro-scale, as indicated by mechanical testing, and this influences the response of parchment to RH.
This paper describes the application of Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) together with Scanning Probe Microscopy (atomic force microscopy and micro-thermal analysis) on accelerated aged and archival parchment samples. Damage assessment by ATR-FTIR of collagen, the main constituent of parchment, was based on spectral changes in collagen, in particular within the amide I carbonyl stretching region.
This is known to be sensitive to changes in the triple helical structure of collagen. Damage assessment by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) was based on changes in the periodic D spacing of the collagen fibrils. Measurements made on the same samples showed that in damaged samples there was partial and eventually complete loss in the D spacing of the collagen fibrils. This was particularly evident in accelerated aged samples subjected to pollutant gas (SO2). Micro-thermal analysis (micro-TA) of the same regions of parchment showed differences in the thermal behaviour on the micron-scale. The observed transitions occurred over a broader temperature range with increase in damage. In addition the same parchment samples were subjected to controlled environment testing using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). This revealed that damage in parchment had an effect on its dimensional response to increase in RH; the more damaged samples showed a lower response to changes in RH than the less damaged. So damage at the nano-scale, as indicated by AFM, can be related to changes observed at the macro-scale, as indicated by mechanical testing, and this influences the response of parchment to RH.
15/12/2009
"Egg" armchair by Arne Jacobsen (1957),The MET Museum of Art
"Arne Jacobsen: 'Egg' armchair (61.7.46)". In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–. http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ho/11/eue/ho_61.7.46.htm (October 2006)
10/12/2009
"Studies of ancient Egytian footwear ..." by Veldmeijer (2009)
Veldmeijer, A. J.; "Studies of ancient Egytian footwear. Technological aspects. Part XV. Leather curled-toe ankle shoes", PalArch's Journal of Archaeology of Egypt/Egyptology 6 (4) (2009) 1-21
PDF
Abstract:
In ancient Egypt sandals were a common commodity despite the fact that people must have been used to walking on bare feet. Shoes were less common though several types are known from the archaeological record. Despite the many examples of footwear, however, detailed studies are lacking. The present paper presents the closed shoes ‘curled-toe ankle shoes’, that are made of leather. The focus, as is usual in this series, lies on manufacturing technology; other topics are discussed in passing. A preliminary typology is proposed.
30/11/2009
"The Gamo hideworkers of southwestern Ethiopia and Cross-Cultural Comparisons" by Weedman Arthur (2008)
Weedman Arthur, K. J.; "The Gamo hideworkers of southwestern Ethiopia and Cross-Cultural Comparisons", Anthropozoologica 43 (1) (2008) 67-98
PDF
Abstract:
Hideworking was practiced prehistorically and historically in nearly every region of the world. Today hideworking is practiced using stone tools only in parts of North America, Siberia, and Ethiopia. This article reviews and explains the diversity in hideworking practices among the Gamo of southern Ethiopia, in particular focusing on the variation of the stone scrapers, handles, and use of space. The Gamo hideworking practices and materials are then compared to customs in other parts of the world. It is concluded that intra-cultural and cross-cultural material and practical homogeneity and diversity can only be explained through an understanding of localized histories in the their global contexts.
15/11/2009
"Analysis of collagen structure in parchment by small angle X-ray diffraction" by Kennedy et al (2003)
Kennedy, C. J., Nielsen, K.; Ramsay, L.; Wess, T. J., "Analysis of collagen structure in parchment by small angle X-ray diffraction", Fibre Diffraction Review 11 (2003) 117-118
PDF
05/11/2009
"Apuntes sobre la elaboración del cuero y su historia" por Pantojo (2004)
Pantojo, A. F. V.; "Apuntes sobre la elaboración del cuero y su historia: noticias sobre una fábrica de curtir pieles en Algeciras", Eúphoros 7 (2004) 21-24
PDF
Resumen:
El trabajo del cuero pertenece al sector industrial o secundario, y su origen es tan antiguo como la existencia del hombre. En el presente artículo haremos un ligero recorrido por la historia de este material, su tratamiento y el desarrollo de su industria, y esto servirá de introducción para pasar después a la historia de una fábrica de curtir pieles en Algeciras, y que perteneció en los últimos años de su existencia a la familia Salas Fernández, de cuyo archivo familiar hemos transcrito un documento sobre la herencia y propiedad de este negocio. Los datos obtenidos nos servirán para ampliar un poco más las escasas noticias sobre este tipo de industrias en Algeciras.
25/10/2009
About furs by Cripps (1903)
Cripps, George; About furs, Liverpool (1903)
URL (Internet Archive)
URL (Internet Archive)
Table of contents:
I. A few general remarks on colour quality
II. Fur markets
III. Dressing, dyeing and topping
IV. Sheep skins and lambs used for fur purposes
V. Rabbits, hares, cats, opossums, lynxes and foxes
VI. Bears, skunks, beavers, otters, wolverines
VII. Sables, martens, kolinsky
VIII. Seals
IX. Lions, tigers and leopards
X. Fur linings and furs usually used for linings
XI. The care of furs
15/10/2009
Traité de chimie appliquée aux arts par Dumas (1844)
Jean-Baptiste Dumas, Traité de chimie appliquée aux arts, Tome VII, Bechet Jeune Libraire-Editeur, Paris (1844)
URL (Google Books)
URL (Google Books)
No capítulo 17 deste livro são descritos vários procedimentos de curtimenta de peles animais em uso em França na primeira metade do século XIX.
05/10/2009
"Survey of current methods and materials used for the conservation of leather bookbindings" by St. John (2000)
St. John, Kristen; "Survey of current methods and materials used for the conservation of leather bookbindings", The Book and Paper Group Annual 19 (2000)
URL
Abstract:
This survey gathered information from twenty-three book conservators on methods and materials used in the conservation of leather bookbindings in laboratories throughout the United States. The conservators work predominantly with special collections, in institutions with older collections, or have treatment responsibilities for special collections materials. The primary goal of this survey was to determine how conservators are treating leather bookbindings. A secondary goal was to determine how new materials and methods that have been developed or introduced to the field of book conservation within the past twenty-five years are being used in conservation labs.
The survey was divided into five sections. The first section asked for background information on staffing levels. The second section questioned respondents about the treatment of existing or original leather bindings. The third section of the survey sought information about rebinding books using new leather bindings. The fourth section covered the use of preparations on leather such as leather dressings, waxes and cellulose ethers. The fifth and final section inquired whether the labs had standardized their procedures for treating leather bindings.
URL
Abstract:
This survey gathered information from twenty-three book conservators on methods and materials used in the conservation of leather bookbindings in laboratories throughout the United States. The conservators work predominantly with special collections, in institutions with older collections, or have treatment responsibilities for special collections materials. The primary goal of this survey was to determine how conservators are treating leather bookbindings. A secondary goal was to determine how new materials and methods that have been developed or introduced to the field of book conservation within the past twenty-five years are being used in conservation labs.
The survey was divided into five sections. The first section asked for background information on staffing levels. The second section questioned respondents about the treatment of existing or original leather bindings. The third section of the survey sought information about rebinding books using new leather bindings. The fourth section covered the use of preparations on leather such as leather dressings, waxes and cellulose ethers. The fifth and final section inquired whether the labs had standardized their procedures for treating leather bindings.
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